Electric regulation



March 7, 1933. J CREVEUNG 1,900,277

ELECTRIC REGULATION Original Filed March 7, 1917 gaming gi'i'm: Ea %H ia dig 7% l lgl uN-rran .srarss PATENT oral-cs Jon- 1.. sa e, or warmrams. m max, assures; a! inn: amen A aa'rron'or nmwm latea OOIPm, HQ, 0]saw YORK, I. I, A comnus-ram BIGULL'I'IOI Application and '1,

My invention pertains to that clam of electric re lation wherein it isdesired to reguynamo electric machine, and has'for a particu a I thesame ma be automatically regulated.

A further'o ject of m invention is to provide means whe'reb a sine willbe automaticall regula wi to a. plurality 0 functions, as for examplethe voltage across some circuit or circuits supplied by a dynamooperating as a generator, and the current in some circuitior circuitssupplied by a dynamo when thus acting.

A further object of my invention is to produce such means wherein theregulation in use to one function will not interfere wi the regulationin to another function when such regulation is in a direction desired.But, if the regulation in response to one function tend to interferewith a predetermined operation of the generator soas to affect someother function to a predetermined limit, the regulation will be usurpedby means responsive to the last named function and the dynamo will atall times be regulated in such" manner-as to carry out a predeterminedmethod of operation when used under certain conditions contemplated inmy invention, as for example in a system wherein a plurality ofvariables may each affect the dynamo in such manner I that any one willso regulate the same as to prevent it exceedin a predetermined limit ofa particular varia le.

As my invention is particularly applicable to systems of electricaldistribution wherein a dynamo driven at widely varying speeds is used tocharge a storage battery and operate lamps or other translating devicesin conjunction therewith, and wherein it is desired to automaticallyregulate the dynamo so as to properly char e the storage battery andmaintain the trans ating devices, it will be described with particularreference to such a s stem, for the purpose of illustration.

- 11 the drawin Fi I isa diagrammatic representation 0 sue a systemembodying minvention ig.,II shows a modification which may be made inthe system of Fig. I; and e r. object to, providemeans whereby 1m.Serial n. 15am,

Fig. III indicates a modification that may be Imadel in the systemindicated generally in In iig. I there is shown a dynamo servlng-as agenerator, provided with a shell or frame 1, an armature 2 having asuitable commutator 3, and carried by the shaft 4 in any suitable typeof bearin members, not shown. A portion of the she 1 is so shaped as toform a pole piece 5 in operative relation to the armature 2, while amember 6, fitted tightly into the frame 1 and secured therein as byscrews 7, is so shaped as to form a pole $1000 8 in operative relationto the armature The lower portion of the frame 1 is so amped as toprovide a pole piece 9, while a portion of the membervfi is so shaped asto form a corresponding pole iece 10 between which may be revolved a sunting member 11 of iron or other magnetic material supported as by theshaft 12 in suitable bearmgs, not shown. Upon the. shaft 12 there ismounted a sheave or drum 13 engaging the band 14 attached to the spring15 which is adjustable as b the screw 16, the arrangement being suc thatthe spring 15 tends to rotate the member 11 in a clockwise direction,while its movement in such direction is limited by the stop 17,preferably of brass or other non-magnetic material. The shaft 12 alsocarries a pinion 18 which engages the rack 19 carried by the rod 20which may be provided with any suitable guiding means, as indicated atone end in the form of member 21, and at the other end in the form of asuitable dash-pot 22. The rod 20 7 passes through an openin 23 in themember 24 be raised it will raise the rod 20 and cause u .the same torevolve the pinion 18 through the instrumentality of the rack 19, so asto rotate themember 11 in a counter-clockwise direction against thetension of spring 15,- while too sudden movement will be restrainedtion. Too sudden movement of the core 28 is resisted as by dashpot 30.31 represents a clutching member sunilar to the member 24 which engagesthe rod 12 in a similar manner when 31 is raised by raising the core 32,which is similar to the core 28 and surround-- ed by a'coil 33 tendingwhen excited to raise the core 32 in such manner as to revolve themember 11 in a counter-clockwise direction, while too sudden movement ofthe core 32 is revented by means of dashpot 34.

e dynamo is provided with a suitable field exciting means, in thisinstance indicated as the shunt coils 35 surrounding the member 6 andtending when energized to set u a magnetic field for the armature and ao a leakage field through member 11. That is, the magnetic lines set upby the field exciting coils 35 may flow from the pole piece 8 througharmature 2, pole piece 5 and frame 1 to the member 6, and also from themember 6 through magnetic shunt member 11, pole piece 9 and frame 1 tothe member 6. And. 1t will be obvious that the percentage of the totallines set up by coils 35 which will be shunted away from the armatureor. generatin flux may be controlled by the posltion of t e memberll,which when in the posi-" tion shown in the drawing may form a path ofhigh magnetic reluctance and shunt away but com aratively few lines fromthe armature; wliile by properly dimensioning the member 11 with respectto its pole ieces it may, if revolved through approxima ly 90 from theposition shown in the figure, shunt away a great ortion of the lines setup by the coils 35. herefore, the generator may be regulated by properlymanipulating the member 11 through the instrumentality of the rod 20,the position of which may be controlled by either core 28 or core 32 andtheir cooperating solenoids.

As the system chosen for illustration in Fi I is one wherein thegenerator current an generator voltage are both desired to be held fromexceeding a redetermined limit, I have placed the solenoid 33 in serieswith the positlve generator lead 36, carried tothe positive terminals ofthe storage battery 37 and lamps or translating devices 38, the negativeterminals of which are connected with the lead 39, and I have shown thecoil 29 as in shunt across the generator mains 36 and 39. A switch 40 isplaced in the lead 36 to prevent the battery from discharging backthrough the nerator when the voltage of the latter fa ls below that ofthe battery. This switch is preferably one of the automatic varietyadapted-to elm its circuit when the generator. voltage is substantiallyequal or slightly in excess of that of the battery and to open itscircuit when the generator voltage is substantiall equal or ve slightlybelow that of the battery, in suc manner as to prevent back discharge.And as such switches are well known in the art and the particular typechosen forms no part of my present invention, the mere resence of such aswitch is indicated an details of construction are purposely omitted forthe sake of clearness, it being understood that any:1 suitable type ofsuch switch may be use In Fig. II the member ll' is shown in section andis provided with a voltage windin indicated at 41 and a current windingin icated at 42, either or both of which may be used for the purpose ofpolarizing the member 11', for a purpose as will hereinafter moreplainly appear.

In Fig. III there is shown a coil or solenoid 43 which is in series withthe battery circuit and therefore responsive to the battery circuitcurrent, as differentiated fro the main generator current.

An 0 eration of my invention, referring.

particu arly to Fig. I, is as follows:

If the generator be at rest or running at sufficiently low speed, theswitch 40 will be open and the parts. 'of the system will be in thepositions s magnetic lines to leak from ole piece 10 to pole piece 9through the mem er 11 will tend to rotate the said member in acounterclockwise direction so as to increase the number of lines passing'therethrough and thus weaken the useful flux through the armature.

And I so adjust the spring 15 as by means of the screw 16 that when thegenerator is substantially at or below the desired voltage to be heldacross the generator the member 11 will be held against the stop 17, inthe position shown in the drawing, wherein it will shunt away from thearmature the least amount of the usefulmagnetic flux. And it will beobvious that if the generator voltage increase slightly, the magneticlines set up by the coils 35 will increase, and their tendency to rotatethe member 11 into such position as to shunt away a greater portion ofown in the drawing, and the. lamps or translating devices 38 may be sup-37 a full charge.

the generator is operating at a voltage 65 sponsive means be reguprovide a more or less coarse type 0 voltage regulation for thegenerator. However, my invention comprehends a more delicately re- 1sponsive regulation, and I therefore adjust 0 spring so that when themaximum desired voltage is across the enerator circuit the torque asabove describe upon the member 11 is almost sulficient to revolve thesame 15 into regulatin position; And I so adjust the core 28 wit respectto the solenoid 29, in any desired manner, that an extremely smallincrease above this predetermined desired voltage will raise the core 28into contact with the extremity 27 of the member 24, and

by raising the extremity 27 will cant the member 24 into such positionas to'grip the rod 20 and raise the same and rotate the member 11 in acounter-clockwise direction,

and by shunting away more of the useful flux counter-act an appreciableincrease in voltageacross the circuit bridged by the solenoid 29. Ifthe'generator voltage tends to fall, a reverse operation will take placetending to restore the same to the normal, and it will be obvious thatin this manner I cause the regulating mechanism to respond to verydelicate fluctuations and may thereby hold the voltage of the generatorsubstantially 35 constant throughout wide speed changes above apredetermined limit.

In practice, I ordinarily choose the volta e to be held constant by thesolenoid'29 as the maximum value necessary to give the batteryTherefore, as the battery 37 becomes charged and its voltage approachesthis value, the current therethrough will naturally taper ofi andapproach zero in a desirable manner. If at any time while in-.sullicient to cause the core 28 to affect the rod 20 through its clutchmember 24 the generator current tends to increase above a re-.

determined maximum value, the solenoi 33 will lift the core 32 so as toswing its cooperating member 31 into such position as to clutch the rod20, and then by raising the said rod, swing the member 11 into suchosition that it will shunt away suflicient ines from the generatingfluxvto cut down the generator voltage enough to prevent this desiredmaximum current from being exceeded. And it will be noted that wheneither the current responsive means or the voltage responsive 0 means isoperating to regulate the generator, and the other means is inoperative,the rod 20 may pass freely through the clutch member forming part of thethen inoperative means, and that if at any time one of the reating thegenerator and the maximum value of the uantity regulated by the othermeans is reac ed, the said last named means will come into action andusurp the function of regulation'of the generator, and, by lowering thevalue of the quantity upon which the operation of the remainingmeans isdependent, cause the same to go out of action until a value of itsrespective responsive quantity is reached, w ich will cause it to usurpthe function of regulating the generator, and in a similar manner putthe other means out of action The member 11 in Fi I may be of anydesired section and is i ustrated merely as a ma netic body preferablyof iron or mild steel aving low magnetic reluctance; while in Fig. IIthe member 11' is shown as provided with a shunt or voltage responsivepolarizing coil 41 which may be used to 7 cause the member 11 to have agreater torque,- and therefore delicately responsive to voltagefluctuations, whereb it may be made to re-. spend more accurately instep with the voltage responsive means governed by the coil 29, which isdesirable under some circumstances. The member 11 in Fig. II is alsoshown as provided with a series winding 42 which may e in series withthe main circuit, as shown, and in series with any other circuit thecurrent wi thin which it is desired to have affect or modify thepolarization of said member 11. For example the coil 43 of Fig. III,which is in series with the battery circuit and responsive to thecurrent in that circuit only, may be wound so as to affect the core 11instead of the coil 42 of Fig. II.

It will be obvious that either a'plain voltage winding, as shown at 41,or a plain current winding. as shown at 42, may be used alone, ifdesirable, or both ma be employed, if so chosen. Further, it wil beplain that the polarizing winding or windings may either be wound uponthe member 11 in a manner similar to the old type of shuttle armature,or arranged in any suitable manner. Further, it will be obvious that thecurrent responsive coil 33 in the main circuit of Fig. I may be supressed, and there may be substituted there or a current responsive coil43 of Fig. III, which is shown in the battery circuit, with whicharrangement the core 32 will be so operated that the current in thebattery circuit will be held from exceeding a predetermined limit,instead of the main generator current.

From the foregoing it wil be obvious that I have produced an improvementin electrical regulation wherein the dynamo may be very delicatelyregulated in response to both voltage and current fluctuations by themanipulation of a comon regulating means, and which in turn tends torespond in such manner as to enhance the delicacy of the responsivemeans performing the true regulation of the system. And I have alsoproduced a system wherein any desired number of variables dependent uponthe operation of the generator may be held from exceeding apredetermined limit. For it will be obvious that any number of clutchingdevices as shown at 24 and 31 may be arranged with proper responsivemeans similar to the voltage and current responsive means afl'ectingsaid clutching 'mcm bers of Fig. I, and that such means may be maderesponsive to current or volta e in any desired number of circuits, andw en their respective maximum value is reached will take hold andperform the regulation of the generator in such manner as to preventsuch maximum from being exceeded. Further, it will be obvious that whileI have described the operation of, my invention with respect to a dynamoserving as a generator, it is not limited to such use, but refers to theregulation of a dynamo electric machine when operating either as agenerator or motor.

While the structures here shown disclose a generator regulator affectedby voltage fluctuations and means for affecting the regulator whichcomes into action only while the regulator is relatively ineffective,this feature is not here claimed, as the same is covered in myco-pending application, 383,750, filed May 24,1920.

I do not wish in any way to limit myself to any of the exactconstructions or details of operation given above to illustrate anembodiment of my invention, for it will be obvious that wide departuremay be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.

What I claim is:

1. In a dynamo electric machine, regulating means comprehending amovable magnetic shunt combined with clutch mechanism for moving saidshunt and responsive means for affecting said clutch mechanism.

2. In a dynamo electric machine, regulating means comprehending amovable magnetic shunt and clutch mechanism affecting the same operatedin response to electrical fluctuations in a circuit supplied by thedynamo.

3. In a dynamo electric machine, regulating means comprehending amovable magnetic shunt and a plurality of independent clutching meansfor affecting said shunt.

4. In a dynamo electric machine, regulating means comprehending amovable magnetic shunt and a plurality of clutching means for afiectingsaid shunt combined with clutch operating means responsive to electricalfluctuations.

5. In a dynamo electric machine, regulating means comprehending amovable magnetic shunt and a plurality of clutching means for affectingsaid shunt combined with clutch operatin means responsive to current andvoltage fluctuations. I

6. In a dynamo electric machine, regulating'means comprehending amovable magnetic shunt and a plurality of clutchin means for affectingsaid shunt combined wit clutch operating means independently responsiveto current and voltage fluctuations.

7. In a dynamo electric machine, regulating means comprehending amovable magnetic shunt, and clutching means combined with means wherebythe same is independently affected by a plurality of functions of saidmachine for mechanically afi'ecting said shunt.

8. In a d namo electric machine, an armature and fiield exciting means,means for shunting a portion of the magnetic field away from thearmature, electromagnetic means responsive to a plurality of functionsdependent upon the operation of said dynamo, and clutching means wherebymovement of said responsive means affects the operation of the shuntingmeans.

9. A dynamo comprehending an armature, a magnetic circuit, and means formaintainin a magnetic flux therethrough combined wit movable means fordiverting a portion of said flux away from the armature, voltage resonsive means, current responsive means, an clutching means whereby theresponsive means ma afiect the divertin means.

10. A ynamo comprehen ing an armature, a magnetic circuit and means formaintaining a magnetic flux therethrough, combined with movable meansfor diverting a portion of said flux away from the armature,

voltage responsive means, current responsive means, and means wherebythe responsive means may affect the diverting means comprehending clutchmembers independently affected by the responsive means.

11. A dynamo comprehending an armature, a magnetic circuit and means formaintaining a magnetic flux therethrough, com bined with movable meansfor diverting a portion of said flux away from the armature, voltage resonsive means, current responsive means, an means whereby the responsivemeans may afiect the diverting means comprehending a movable member andclutching means afiecting the same and operated by the responsive means.

12. In a dynamo, the combination of field exciting means, an armature, amagnetic circuit cooperatingwith said field exciting means to directlines of force through said armature and a movable member of magneticmaterial for shunting ma netic lines awa from the armature and a' ectedby the fie d exciting means, with means responsive to a plurality offunctions of operation of the dynamo, and clutch connections cooperatingmechanically to assist the field exciting means in affecting theposition of the movable member.

13. In a dynamo, the combination of field exciting means, an armature, ama netic circuit cooperating with said fiel exciting means to directlines of force throu h said armature, and a movable member magneticmaterial for shunting magnetic lines awa from-the armature and affectedby the fiel exciting means, with means responsive to a plurality offunctions of operation of the dynamo, and clutch connections cooperatingmechanically to assist the field exciting to shunt magnetic lines awayfrom said armature in variable degree depending upon the positionthereof, means for afiectm the os1 tion thereof, and a plurality of inepen ently movable clutch members responsive to a plurality of functionsof the dynamo cooperating therewith to regulate the dynamo.

15. In a dynamo, field exciting means, an armature, and a circuit of lowmagnetic reluctance cooperating with the field exciti means to directmagnetic lines through sai armature, a movable magnetic shunt adapted tocontrol the dynamo by shunting magnetic lines away from the armature andtendin upon increase of field strength of the d namo to shunt away agreater portion of sai lines,

a plurality of means responsive to fluctuations of operation of thedynamo including clutch connections adapted to independently cooperateto mechanically assist the field exciting means in afiecting theposition of the shuntin means.

16. e combination with a dynamo, a storage battery and translatingdevices sulpplied thereby, and means for regulating t e dynamocomprehending a magnetic shuntmember the effect of which is-varied bymotion imparted thereto, of independent clutching means for affectingthe same operated in response to current fluctuations and to voltagefluctuations depending upon the condition of the battery and theoperation of thetranslating devices.

17. The combination with a dynamo, a storage battery and translatingdevices supplied thereby, and means for regulating the dynamocomprehending a magnetic shunt member the effect of which is varied bymotion imparted thereto, of clutching means independently operated inresponse to volt age fluctuations and to current fluctuations forimparting motion thereto during the charging of the battery andsupplying of the translating devices.

18. The combination with a dynamo having field exciting means, anarmature and a circuit of low magnetic reluctance cooperating with thefield exciting means to direct to an extent which ma g ity of clutchesfor a to current and voltage fiuctuatlonaf movable member magnetic linesthrough said armature, a movab e magnetic shunt adapted to control thedynamo by shunting ma netic lines away from the armature and tendingupon increase in voltage of the dynamo to shunt away a greater portionof said lines and thereby tending to maintain the voltage substantiallyi constant, of means responsive to Volta e fluctuations affected by theoperation of t e gen erator, means responsive to current fluctuationsafle'cted by the o ration of the genem tor, and means where y the saidresponsive means may independently afiect' the ma shunt to vary theoperation thereof, said last named means comprehending clutch mechanismwhereby the said responsive means-each mde ndently afl'ect the magneticshunt in one irection regardless of the other responsive means and in anop ositedirection only Y Y determined by the other responsive means. 1 v

19. The combination with: d- ,amo and a movable'means for control t '0came, of a plurality of clutches for independently gripping a portion ofsaid controlling an etic . 1 means for. separately operating saidclutches r nsive fected by $1 2 0 20; The com ination with av dynamo andmeans for controllin the same, of a pluralecting saidcontrolling means,and means for operating said clutches responsive to difl'erentelectrical fluctuations, the arrangement of the clutches being such thateach may independently aflect'therregulating means in one directionandthe efl'ect produced by one clutch in another direction may depend uponthe operation; of another clutch. a v 21. The combination with a dynamoof regulating means therefor comprehending a movable member andclutching means for to difl'er'ent quantities'afration of the dynamo.

engaging said member combined-with clutch operating means independentlyresponsive 22. The combination vwith a dynamo, of regulating meanstherefor comprehending a the position of which afiects the operation ofthe dynamo and clutchin means for controlling the osition of said membercombined with c utch operating means independently responsive tofluctuations in a 23. The combination with adynamo, re ulating meanscomprehending .a movab e member and a plura it of "clutching means foraflecting said mem r, of a lurality of clutch operatin means each indaffecting one o the clutching means. v r

24. The combination with a dynamo, re

plurality of electrical quantities.

ependently I Q ulating means comprehending a movab e member and a plurafor effecting; said mem r, of a clutch operating means each. in

t of clutching meansglurality of ependently affecting one of theclutching-means and inmo. means for affecting the regulating means,

and clutching means engaging the same whereby movement of saidresponsive means immediately affects the operation of the regulatingmeans.

' 27. The combination with a generator and a battery adapted to becharged thereby, of a regulator for the generator including a shunt coilresponsive to generator voltage and capable of operating to maintainsubstantial constancy of the generator voltage in spite of speedchanges, and means operative to assist said shunt coil for moreaccurately establishing the generator voltage constancy to bemaintained.

28. In an electric system, in combination, a variably driven generator,a battery adapted to be charged thereby, a regulator to control thegenerator output, and means effective when said regulator is relativelyineffective to assist in the operation of said regulator in accordancewith the charging capacity of said battery.

29. In an electric system, in combination, a variably driven generator,a battery adapted to be charged thereby, an electro-responsive regulatorto control the generator approximately in accordance with the relativenormal state of charge of the battery, and automatic means operative toaffect said regu- 1ato1' to establish the standard of subsequenteffectiveness thereof more nearly in accordance with the actual capacityfor charge of the battery.

30. In a system of electrical distribution, in combination, a variablespeed generator and a battery connected to be charged thereby, means forregulating a function of the generator output approximately to apredetermined standard irrespective of the generator speed, and meansoperative when the generator voltage is below a predetermined value forassisting in the operation of said regulating means operative duringrelative ineffectiveness of said regulating means.

32. The combination with a variable speed generator, regulating meansadapted to control the same and voltage-responsive means for operatingsaid regulating means, of electro-rcsponsive means affecting the actionof said regulating means to produce more delicate regulation operatingduring relative ineffectiveness of said voltage-responsive means.

33. The combination with a variable speed generator and regulating meansadapted to automatically control the same when a certain voltage isreached, of electro-responsive means adapted to effect more delicateoperation of the regulating means and to come into action when theregulating means is relatively ineffective.

34. The combination with a variable speed generator and regulating meansthe operation of which afl'ects said generator, of voltage-responsivemeans adapted to affect the regulatlng means and voltage-responsivemeans adapted to affect the operation of said regulating means toincrease the delicacy thereof and to come into operation during relativeineffectiveness of said first named voltage-responsive means.

35. The combination with a variable speed generator, a battery chargedthereby and regulating means ada ted to automatically aifect theoperation 0 said generator in response to voltage fluctuationswhen-above a certain value, of voltage-responsive means affecting theoperation of said regulating means adapted to come into operation whenthe regulating means is relatively ineffective in the control of thegenerator voltage.

36. The combination with a generatorand a voltage operated regulator foraffecting the same, of a voltage-responsive device for affecting theoperation of the regulator and a frictionally effective device foraffecting the operation of the voltage-responsive device.

37. The combination with a generator and an automatic voltage operatedregulator for affecting the same, of a clutching device for affectingsaid regulator and voltage operated means for operating said clutchindevice.

38. The combination with a variable speed generator andvoltage-responsive regulating means for controlling the same undercertain conditions of voltage fluctuations, of a frictionally actingdevice for affecting said regulating means and voltage-re onsive meansfor operating said frictional evice.

39. The' combination with a variable speed generator, 8. battery chargedthereby and voltage-responsive regulating means for automaticallycontrolling the generator under certain conditions, of a frictionallyafiected device for affecting said regulating means, andvoltage-responsive means for operating said frictional device to assistin operating the regulating means.

40. The combination with a variable speed generator, a regulating devicefor controlling the same and a voltage-responsive coil for controllingthe operation of said device of a second voltage-responsive coil andfrictional cooperating means whereby the second voltage-responsive coilaffects the operation of the first named voltage-responsive coil.

41. The combination with a variable speed generator and regulating meansadapted to automatically afiect the same when a certain voltage isreached, of electro-responsive means adapted to affect the operation ofthe regulating means comprehending frictionally controlled mechanism forassisting the voltage responsive means and means for automaticallyoperating same at a voltage below that necessary to operate theaforesaid regulating means.

42. The combination with a variable speed generator and regulating meansadapted to automatically control the same when a cermm voltage isreached of electro-responsive means adapted to assist in the operationof the regulatingvmeans and to come into action at a voltage below thatnecessary to operate the aforesaid regulating means.

43. The combination with a generator and a regulator including meanscapable of automatically controlling the operation of the generator ifunaided, of means for assisting the said means in the normal operationof the regulator and arranged to come into action while the regulator isrelatively ineffective.

44. The combination with a generator and a regulator including meanscapable of automatically controlling the operation of the generator ifunaided, of means for assisting the said means in the normal operationof the regulator and arranged to come into action while the regulator isrelatively ineffective,

due to the absence of such assistance.

JOHN L. CREVELING.

